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New math thread, and then some. - 11/26/2007 5:59:47 AM   
Termyn8or


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To start off, Anerin, if you are reading I know what you mean. An engineer who doesn't use algebra.

I can design and build an electronic device. Analog.

In an analog, regular bipolar junction transistor amplification stage there is a formula to calculate the input impedance. The variables include collector load impedance, and whatever resistance or other is in the emitter circuit along with the hfe of the transistor.

Well the big formula is gibberish to me. But I can isolate the components of the formula because I have a solid understanding of the principles involved. So some math whiz can take a scientific calculator and figure out in seconds what might take me a half hour.

With the frequency at which I need to figure this out, it is simply not worth it for me to learn algebra and calculus. Better to spend that half hour to figure it out the hard way rather than spend years in school.

Things have made me realize a few facts. And this may come as a surprise, but really numbers have nothing to do with math. Numbers simply represent a quantity. Algebra and calculus are simply language, expressive of true math yes, but not indicative of any specific quantity. An algebraic equation is analogous to a poem, or a sentence formed with words.

Once you know that language they can express many mathematical relationships to you, and if they express them right and you read them right, you understand what they mean.

Nowadays I need a calculator for everything, although I can still do mental math my brain doesn't want to. But I used to be a math tutor in school. But then later I had a blind math teacher. No kidding. His name was Kemmit, and he did a surprisingly good job considering he was blind. But he lost me on those matrices.

Any teacher would have lost me on that. I was not ready for it, it is that simple.

I learned many other things. How do you tell if a car jumped time ? How many degrees can you turn the crankshaft backwards until the camshaft moves ? If it is more than X degrees it probably did, as that indicated that the slack in the timing chain is sufficient to let a gear tooth pass. Thus the jumped time. Exact figures ? Hell no. But if you can move the crank ten degrees before the cam moves, it probably jumped time. Pontiacs were famous for that in the 60s and 70s.

How do you tell if something you are building is square ? Well that'sthe old three forty five rule. Measure three foot out from one corner, four foot out the other way and measure between those two points. It should be five feet.

Both of these things were taught to me a very long time ago by highschool dropouts. Most of my friends dropped out, and some do very well. I dropped out, but the job I got taught me more. One graduate among our crowd, well, he couldn't balance a checkbook at gunpoint. In fact his brother, an IT professional took to balancing it and found he had a few grand in there he didn't even know about.

But things went to shit again after that, and eventually I had to tell him to stop using that account for a couple months and then close it. This is simple addition and subtraction. He just can't do it.

On the other hand we got my dropout buddy, called into the office at work to help figure out a $600,000 job.

Sometimes at work, it is simply impossible to do the job right, and I have to do a modification. We must make the voltage at this IC pin 4.7, no more no less. Then I have to figure conductance, mhos in fact. One over four point seven K, one over five pouint six K and so forth. X>M. MR and so forth. They are sometimes amazed, but so what.

Actually analog electronics is becoming a lost art, everything is digital now. Calculating the input impedance has been replaced with the philosophy of just feeding it with a lower impedance source. Producing different voltage levels is no longer done by careful calculation, they just use a shitload of transistors and precision resistors. Everything is either on or off. The linear mode of operation is avoided like the plague.

And the reason for that is that they do not want to do the math. Looking at the design of even a cheap OP AMP you can see (if you know what you are doing) that they have strived to remove all the variables. The concept is now "This circuit will work with a wide range of variables, this transistor can have an hfe of 200 and this one could be 10, it'll work, if the opposite is true, it will still work, and this whole thing is compensated for temperature automatically, so no matter what it will work".

You wonder why some music equipment is so damn expensive ? I will tell you. It is because the engineers cannot swat a fly with a Sherman tank, somebody out there has to do some math, higher math.

There are some other aspects of electronics where this applies. You can see it by the cost. It is not just what the engineer makes, it is the extensive product development. This is why you can tell by the price.

Let's put it this way, there are new guitars, with nothing other than their base intrinsic value, and they cost more than a plasma TV. Well, a plasma TV is designed by a computer, a guitar is designed by a person who must know what the fuck they are doing.

Automation has gotten to the point where our perception of intelligence is slewed. We marvel at the fact that they can find one pot plant in a forty acre cornfield, and no longer appreciate the work that went into making a piano for example.

We like where the cupholder is in the car, but have no idea of how an internal combustion engine works. We muse about HDTV, not knowing how regular TV used to work. We are losing our technological roots, and this is happening in a country that used to be the world leader, who put a Man on the moon, who can strike anywhere anytime on the whole planet.

Just what are we ?

T
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RE: New math thread, and then some. - 11/26/2007 4:45:12 PM   
thornhappy


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Hi Termyn8tor--

I went off to EE school after being a technician (two-way radio, rf and microwave semiconductor test) for about 7 years.  We actually were taught some analog electronics, the last project being a composite video amplifier (we ran out of time to do the "make an op amp" lab).  The video amp had some tough contraints, and we were graded on parts price and board area.  It was a great lab....and we did the calculations by hand.  Some guys had Pspice accounts and used that but most of us used those same equations you spoke of, in addition to the Method of Open-circuit Time Constants.

Many of my classmates didn't just dislike this class - they stone cold hated it.  Because it was kind of fuzzy, didn't resolve to nice 1s and 0s.  There were multiple ways to design things.  (And after this class, I understood why the MMIC designers I worked with really did need some p-type transistors in our process.)

The joke is kinda on the digital guys now, with such high clock speeds that all traces are transmission lines, and all the first-order IC approximations have died due to the incredibly small feature size of current microprocessors.

The best designer I (personally) know is not degreed and can design (and program) wireless systems from soup to nuts, including the board layout.

Not many of all y'all analog types left, for sure.

thornhappy

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RE: New math thread, and then some. - 11/26/2007 5:03:56 PM   
pinksugarsub


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It's not just math.  My sense is we are losing reading, writing, history, social sciences, and art.  On the other hand, i'm not 18 and don't think i know everything anymore, so maybe it's just me.
 
pinksugarsub

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RE: New math thread, and then some. - 11/26/2007 5:52:37 PM   
hands0n0knees


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I have precisely the opposite problem: I'm an algebraist who can barely locate the engine in a car.  Now, who would you rather be?

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RE: New math thread, and then some. - 11/26/2007 7:26:45 PM   
Aneirin


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I agree with pinksugarsub, I also feel the stuff we used to know is slowly being lost.This I think I blame on the advance in technology, technology, even the latest technology people want, a new gadget that will do this that and the other.
Now in my past life, when I was married, I had all the gadgets, electronic technology but soon came to realise all this technology and there consumerism is not life, all it does is create a false need to keep buying new stuff, stuff that invariably fails in a very short while, usually just after the guarantee runs out.People seem obsessed with what they can do with the latest technology and use it for the sake of using it, or because they have invested large sums of hard earned money into the damn things.

Now, though I was well versed in Technology and engineering, both electronic(analog) and mechanical, with a bit of aircraft and civil engineering, I have left all that behind, now I concentrate on what I can do with manual things.I was already a part time craftsman, now I am moving towards a full time metalsmith, working various metals with manual techniques where learned and developed skill take priority.I have made most of my silver craft tools, some I adapted from other tools, others I made from thought, material and my own fair hands.Now I am working on making my own black smithing tools, all things craftseople of the past would have done.

I have found in making tools, one actually learns the trade and develops the skills needed.I have always been a 'hands on' person, and now I am following my natural course in doing what I am naturally good at doing.Everything I now learn to do with my chosen discipline, I thoroughly enjoy doing and see what I am doing as a pleasure.

Odd it is, when electricity finally becomes too expensive for the average user, what will we all do, if our ancient skills have gone.I can run a metal forge with no electricity, similarly a small metals workshop, I can do every thing by hand, though I can use and repair power tools, I can also do their job, albeit a bit slower by hand.

The maths I use in my field, well basic maths, no sine tables or calculators, everything either by eye or as basic maths as I can get. And yes, the 3-4-5 triangle works very well, old ways which work.Constructing angles with compass and rule alone, the sort of stuff used in 'sacred geometry', by masons of old.

None of my technology is current, the computer about nine years old, music player, seven years old, Tv over five at least.My camera a digital SLR was state of the art three years ago, Program this that and the other, the automatic is turned off, I use it on manual employing zone system photography I learned years ago using a totally manual SLR and seperate spot light meter.I still have that camera and spot meter, and will not part with it, as it is still superb at taking pictures and it is of 1977 vintage, a precision mechanical instrument.

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RE: New math thread, and then some. - 11/28/2007 12:26:17 AM   
Termyn8or


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PK, whoever knows analog, did you ever wonder why audio amlifiers designed using MOSFETS as outputs are not around ? Too hard to design.

When driving a bipolar you take a resistor and you are turning voltage into current, or in some cases vice versa, that is what resistors do.

The reason it is, or actually was, so difficult to parralell MOSFETs in the linear mode is because of the combination of two factors. One is that they are totally voltage driven devices, and their gamma will never match.

Well I have designed the circuit that will do it. And it is originally designed to pair two MOSFET pairs, in a complementary fashion, but can easily be expanded to as many as needed.

Unfortunatley it requires eith capacitors or a voltage source about twenty volts higher than the main rails. But it is all worked out, through every frequenct range and balancing the current at any output level regardless of differeces in gamm of the transconductance of the devices. If I have enough beer this Friday I will be happy to draw it up for you. With proper drain to gate capacitance chosen properly, it also eliminated dv/dt problems.

It has never been published, and it may have been done elsewhere. That matters. Even though I thought of it, if others did it first what am I to do ? Actually nothing.

When I designed this they were having trouble with gamma in the transconductance. One specimen with the same part number as another could have a gamma of 0.8 while another, even of the same lot number could have a gamma of 1.2. This was the eighties.

Back then few even new how to make MOSFETs switch without running into dv/dt problems. New drive circuits had to be developed. But none of them were analog. Mine is. It solves everything at once. But to do it right, it does complicate the power supply. So what.

Gotta reboot now, or just shut this thing off, but that is digital, I didn't design it so it isnot my fault.

T


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RE: New math thread, and then some. - 11/28/2007 2:43:37 AM   
Real0ne


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what are you trying to do run a mos in class a mode er sumthin?


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